Fig. 1: Overview of the study.
The study consisted of four different phases. During the encoding phase, participants learned two faces with 10 personality trait descriptions. After encoding the faces and personality traits, the memory of those descriptions was tested, and an adapted implicit attitude test (IAT) was conducted. During SWS sleep, name+positive trait pairs were presented to the sleeping participants. After sleeping, participants performed post-sleeping tests [including mental facial representations, memory bias tests, and implicit (measured by the IAT) and explicit (measured by the ultimatum game and explicit preference rating test) attitudes]. Note. All facial images used in this study were obtained from the Tsinghua University Facial Expression Database36, and the original database confirms that written informed consent was obtained from all facial models for the use of their images in scientific research, including publications.
