Table 1 Covariate balance before and after matching

From: Neural mechanisms underpinning the association between visual arts education and creativity

Covariates

SMD (Before-Mat)

SMD (After-Mat)

VR (Before-Mat)

VR (After-Mat)

Gender_female

0.00

–

0.04

–

IQ

0.21

0.09

0.62

0.81

Grade

0.22

0.07

1.43

1.44

Age

0.23

0.02

1.14

1.34

VisWMC

0.37

0.11

1.18

1.08

  1. SMD standardized mean difference, VR variance ratio, Before-Mat before matching, After-Mat after matching, An en dash (–) in the table indicates that the measure is not applicable. Gender_female indicates the proportion of female participants. IQ was assessed using the short-form Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices, and VisWMC was measured using a visuospatial working memory span task.
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