Fig. 1: CARNIVAL pipeline.

The CARNIVAL pipeline requires as input a prior knowledge network and differential gene expression. The information on perturbed targets and their effects can be assigned (Standard CARNIVAL “StdCARNIVAL”) or omitted (InvCARNIVAL). The differential gene expression is used to infer transcription factor (TF) activities with DoRothEA, which are subsequently discretized in order to formulate ILPconstraints. As a result, CARNIVAL derives a family of highest scoring networks which best explain theinferred TF activities. Continuous pathway and TF activities can be additionally considered in the objective function