Fig. 4: Coenzyme A biosynthesis in bifidobacteria. | npj Systems Biology and Applications

Fig. 4: Coenzyme A biosynthesis in bifidobacteria.

From: Identifying the essential nutritional requirements of the probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium animalis and Bifidobacterium longum through genome-scale modeling

Fig. 4: Coenzyme A biosynthesis in bifidobacteria.

a Proposed pathway of coenzyme A (coA) biosynthesis in BB-12 and BB-46 from pantethine via pantetheine (ptth): Genes for phosphopantothenate-cysteine ligase (EC 6.3.2.5) and phosphopantothenyl cysteine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.36), catalyzing the conversion of phosphopantothenate (4ppan) into pantethine-4-phosphate (pan4p) through the PPNCL3 and PPCDC reactions, are absent in BB-12 and BB-46. Reactions highlighted by the gray background have been added to iAZ480 and iMS520 based on experimental evidence for pantethine utilization by BB-12 and BB-46. Added reactions include a pantethine-proton symporter (PTTt, no gene association), a pantethine reductase (PTTR, no gene association), and a pantetheine kinase (PTTK). Abbreviations of metabolite and reaction names are the same as used in the models (Supplementary Data 3 and 4). b Presence/absence of genes for pantothenate utilization in different Bifidobacterium species, based on data from publicly available genome sequences in the KEGG database.

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