Fig. 4: Longya Lilium combined with fluoxetine attenuates depression by inhibiting the expression of COX-2.

A Immobility duration of tail suspension of mice in response to Longya Lilium + fluoxetine, sh-COX-2, or oe-COX2. B Sucrose preference test of mice in response to Longya Lilium + fluoxetine, sh-COX-2, or oe-COX2. C Positive expression of COX-2 protein in hippocampal CA1, CA3, and DG regions of mice in response to Longya Lilium + fluoxetine, sh-COX-2, or oe-COX2 detected by immunohistochemistry. D HE staining analysis of hippocampal CA1 area of mice in response to Longya Lilium + fluoxetine, sh-COX-2, or oe-COX2. E Western blot analysis of IL1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ proteins in hippocampal CA1 area of mice in response to Longya Lilium + fluoxetine, sh-COX-2, or oe-COX2. F Levels of IL1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in the peripheral blood of mice in response to Longya Lilium + fluoxetine, sh-COX-2, or oe-COX2 measured by ELISA. Measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test was used for comparison between multiple groups. n = 10 for mice per group. *p < 0.05, compared with the control mice. #p < 0.05, compared with the sh-NC-treated CUMS mice. &p < 0.05, compared with the Longya Lilium + fluoxetine + oe-NC-treated CUMS mice.