Fig. 6: Investigating GABA production mechanism and biological importance in anti-inflammatory effect. | npj Systems Biology and Applications

Fig. 6: Investigating GABA production mechanism and biological importance in anti-inflammatory effect.

From: Unraveling anti-inflammatory metabolic signatures of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and isoliquiritigenin through multiomics

Fig. 6: Investigating GABA production mechanism and biological importance in anti-inflammatory effect.The alt text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a Peak intensity of GABA, GABA-d6 isotope, and glutamate following GU treatment with or without LPS stimulation. Hydrophilic metabolome analysis of RAW264.7 cells was performed at 1 and 24 h after LPS stimulation using LC-MS/MS (n = 3 biologically independent samples). b Relative abundance of GABA in GU-treated RAW264.7 cells with or without preincubation of allylglycine (ALG) (10 mM). The peak height of GABA in each sample was normalized with the peak height of the internal standard, GABA-d6. The values are presented as the means ± SEMs with n = 3 biologically independent samples. c Effects of GABA and/or ILG on mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 cells. RAW264.7 cells were treated with GABA, ILG (10 μM), or their combination, and the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were analyzed. Each bar plot is the mean value of 2-ΔΔCt values with error bars representing SEM. The Ct values of GAPDH were used for normalization in each sample, with untreated cells serving as the calibrators for each gene. The adjusted P-values for (a–c) were calculated using the Tukey HSD (two-sided) following one-way ANOVA and indicated as follows: P < 0.05 (*), P < 0.01 (**).

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