Fig. 13: Response of the reorganized model EVL to experimental disruption of forces demonstrates that its deformation has a large permanent (plastic) component, and a small elastic component.
Position of leading edge (mean polar angle, Ï•, of leading edge particles) in a single simulation run, plotted against normalized time; vertical marker lines indicate the start of the first and second phases of the experiment. When the leading edge reaches a polar angle of 0.9Ï€ (~97.5% epiboly; first vertical line), we disable both the exogenously applied force and the internal bond remodeling. The reorganized EVL undergoes minimal instantaneous recoil (short term response) and stabilizes. But the tissue is still under tension, as demonstrated by the second phase of the experiment (to the right of second line): we re-enable bond remodeling, allowing continued cell rearrangement to occur, resulting in further recoil (long term response). See Supplementary Movie 16.
