Fig. 1 | npj Vaccines

Fig. 1

From: Microprojection arrays applied to skin generate mechanical stress, induce an inflammatory transcriptome and cell death, and improve vaccine-induced immune responses

Fig. 1The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Mathematical modelling of stress in the skin (VE viable epidermis, D dermis) following application of a flat plate surface or a pillar array statically with a weight, or dynamically with a constant energy. a Flat plate surface applied with static weights of (i) 0.34 N, (ii) 5.89 N, (iii) 19.62 N or (iv) 68.67 N, showing distribution of maximum principal stress. b Flat plate array applied with dynamic energies of (i) 3500 J/m2, (ii) 5800 J/m2 or (iii) 11,200 J/m2, showing distribution of maximum principal stress. c Pillar array applied with dynamic energies of (i) 3500 J/m2 or (ii) 5800 J/m2, showing distribution of Von Mises stress. Red represents high stress and blue represents low or no stress. Limitation of model capturing small-scale stress response including edge stress marked with * in a demonstrated by cell death assay in Fig. 2

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