Fig. 5 | npj Vaccines

Fig. 5

From: Microprojection arrays applied to skin generate mechanical stress, induce an inflammatory transcriptome and cell death, and improve vaccine-induced immune responses

Fig. 5The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of upregulated or downregulated gene sets curated from related vaccination mircoarray studies. a An illustration of related microarray studies (first row), with the vaccine (second row) and the corresponding condition/variable (third row). b, c Peak normalised gene set enrichment scores for the (t statistic) ranked gene lists for each group is displayed as a bar chart. Each bar chart corresponds to each vaccination condition, needle and syringe intradermal (ID) 50 J/m2 with vaccine protein, Nanopatch™ 3500 J/m2 blank, Nanopatch™ 3500 J/m2 with vaccine protein, Nanopatch™ 3500 J/m2 with vaccine protein and QS-21, and Nanopatch™ 11,200 J/m2 with vaccine protein compared with unimmunised control. The b upregulated and c downregulated gene sets are plotted against normalised enrichment score with significance represented by black horizontal bars (nominal p value < 0.05 and FDR q-value < 0.25). All groups n = 3, except naive samples n = 6

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