Fig. 2: Analysis of viral loads and lung inflammation following SARS-CoV-2 challenge. | npj Vaccines

Fig. 2: Analysis of viral loads and lung inflammation following SARS-CoV-2 challenge.

From: Mucosal vaccination induces protection against SARS-CoV-2 in the absence of detectable neutralizing antibodies

Fig. 2

a Comparison of levels of SARS-CoV2 viral RNAs in the lung between I.N. (blue) and I.M. (red) immunization groups following SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Expression of individual viral RNAs (S, E, RdRp) was first normalized to mouse GAPDH and then shown as fold change relative to the mock group of I.N. immunization. b Measurement of lung inflammatory gene expression in I.N. (blue) or I.M. (red) immunized mice. For each immunization route, lung tissue RNA was extracted from four groups of mice (mock/no challenge, vaccine/no challenge, mock/challenge, and vaccine challenge) and then subjected to qRT-PCR quantification of mouse inflammation genes (CCL7, CCL2, CXCL10, CCL3, TNF-α, and IL-6). Gene expression was first normalized to mouse GAPDH and then compared among the four groups within each immunization route. The data were shown as fold change in RNA copies relative to the corresponding mock/no challenge group. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001; n.s. non-significant. unpaired Student’s t test.

Back to article page