Table 1 Socio-demographic, medical and influenza vaccination history, physical activity, and baseline titers, by seroconversion status to each of the vaccine strains.

From: DYNAMIC cohort study evaluating metabolic predictors of influenza vaccine immune response in older adults

 

Overall

A/HK/H3N2 seroconversion

  

A/MI/H1N1 seroconversion

  

B-Split seroconversion

  

Any seroconversion

  
  

Yes

No

p

Yes

No

p

Yes

No

p

Yes

No

p

n

220

124 (56.4)

96 (43.6)

 

110 (50.0)

110 (50.0)

 

34 (15.5)

186 (84.5)

 

169 (76.8)

51 (23.2)

 

Age, years

71.0 [68.0, 75.0]

70.0 [68.0, 74.3]

72.0 [68.0, 77.0]

0.073

71.0 [68.0, 74.8]

71.50 [68.3, 76.0]

0.173

71.50 [67.3, 76.0]

71.0 [68.0, 75.0]

0.770

71.0 [68.0, 75.0]

74.0 [69.0, 77.0]

0.028

Gender (male)

64 (29.1)

30 (24.2)

34 (35.4)

0.069

27 (24.5)

37 (33.6)

0.138

10 (29.4)

54 (29.0)

0.964

42 (24.9)

22 (43.1)

0.012

Ethnicity

   

0.244

  

0.018

     

0.348

   Chinese

142 (64.5)

77 (62.1)

65 (67.7)

 

61 (55.5)

81 (73.6)

 

22 (64.7)

120 (64.5)

0.179

105 (62.1)

37 (72.5)

 

   Malay

45 (20.5)

24 (19.4)

21 (21.9)

 

29 (26.4)

16 (14.5)

 

4 (11.8)

41 (22.0)

 

36 (21.3)

9 (17.6)

 

   Indian/othersa

33 (15.0)

23 (18.5)

10 (10.4)

 

20 (18.2)

13 (11.8)

 

8 (23.5)

25 (13.4)

 

28 (16.6)

5 (9.8)

 

BMI (kg/m2)

   

0.117

  

0.388

  

0.166

  

0.792

   <18.5 (underweight)

9 (4.1)

6 (6.2)

3 (2.4)

 

3 (2.7)

6 (5.5)

 

8 (4.3)

1 (2.9)

 

2 (3.9)

7 (4.1)

 

   18.5–22.9 (normal)

58 (26.4)

27 (28.1)

31 (25.0)

 

32 (29.1)

26 (23.6)

 

48 (25.8)

10 (29.4)

 

13 (25.5)

45 (26.6)

 

   23.0–27.4 (overweight)

91 (41.4)

32 (33.3)

59 (47.6)

 

41 (37.3)

50 (45.5)

 

82 (44.1)

9 (26.5)

 

19 (37.3)

72 (42.6)

 

   ≥27.5 (obese)

62 (28.2)

31 (32.3)

31 (25.0)

 

34 (30.9)

28 (25.5)

 

48 (25.8)

14 (41.2)

 

17 (33.3)

45 (26.6)

 

Waist/ hip/ BMIb

163 (74.1)

92 (74.2)

71 (74.0)

0.968

83 (75.5)

80 (72.7)

0.644

26 (76.5)

137 (73.7)

0.731

123 (72.8)

40 (78.4)

0.42

Diabetes

67 (30.5)

39 (31.5)

28 (29.2)

0.715

35 (31.8)

32 (29.1)

0.66

9 (26.5)

58 (31.2)

0.583

51 (30.2)

16 (31.4)

0.871

Hypertension

144 (65.5)

78 (62.9)

66 (68.8)

0.366

69 (62.7)

75 (68.2)

0.395

22 (64.7)

122 (65.6)

0.92

108 (63.9)

36 (70.6)

0.379

Hyperlipidemia

150 (68.2)

82 (66.1)

68 (70.8)

0.458

73 (66.4)

77 (70.0)

0.563

23 (67.6)

127 (68.3)

0.942

112 (66.3)

38 (74.5)

0.268

Chronic pulmonary disease

10 (4.5)

1 (0.8)

9 (9.4)

0.003

4 (3.6)

6 (5.5)

0.517

2 (5.9)

8 (4.3)

0.655

5 (3.0)

5 (9.8)

0.054

At least one chronic condition

196 (89.1)

111 (89.5)

85 (88.5)

0.818

98 (89.1)

98 (89.1)

1.000

32 (94.1)

164 (88.2)

0.386

150 (88.8)

46 (90.2)

0.773

Physical activity

   

0.477

  

0.141

  

0.442

  

0.860

   Rare

13 (5.9)

5 (4.0)

8 (8.3)

 

8 (7.3)

5 (4.5)

 

2 (5.9)

11 (5.9)

 

11 (6.5)

2 (3.9)

 

   Light

109 (49.5)

64 (51.6)

45 (46.9)

 

60 (54.5)

49 (44.5)

 

18 (52.9)

91 (48.9)

 

84 (49.7)

25 (49.0)

 

   Intermediate

22 (10.0)

12 (9.7)

10 (10.4)

 

8 (7.3)

14 (12.7)

 

5 (14.7)

17 (9.1)

 

15 (8.9)

7 (13.7)

 

   Moderate

62 (28.2)

33 (26.6)

29 (30.2)

 

25 (22.7)

37 (33.6)

 

9 (26.5)

53 (28.5)

 

48 (28.4)

14 (27.5)

 

   Vigorous

14 (6.4)

10 (8.1)

4 (4.2)

 

9 (8.2)

5 (4.5)

 

0 (0.0)

14 (7.5)

 

11 (6.5)

3 (5.9)

 

Baseline 25-(OH)-D (ng/mL)

26.0 [21.0, 29.0]

26 [21, 29]

26.0 [21.0, 29.3]

0.852

25.5 [20.3, 29.0]

26.0 [22.0, 30.0]

0.140

26.0 [22.3, 28.8]

26.0 [21.0, 29.0]

0.922

26.0 [21.0, 29.0]

26.0 [21.5, 29.5]

0.924

History of influenza vaccination

   

<0.001

  

0.483

  

0.099

  

<0.001

   None in past 5 years

123 (55.9)

89 (71.8)

34 (35.4)

 

63 (57.3)

60 (54.5)

 

25 (73.5)

98 (52.7)

 

108 (63.9)

15 (29.4)

 

   SH 2014-NH 2014/15 SH 2015-NH 2015/16c

22 (10.0)

15 (12.1)

7 (7.3)

 

13 (11.8)

9 (8.2)

 

2 (5.9)

20 (10.8)

 

17 (10.1)

5 (9.8)

 

   SH 2016-NH 2016/17c

75 (34.1)

20 (16.1)

55 (57.3)

 

34 (30.9)

41 (37.3)

 

7 (20.6)

68 (36.6)

 

44 (26.0)

31 (60.8)

 

Baseline (pre-vaccine) A/HK/H3N2 titer

40 [10, 80]

20 [10, 40]

80 [40, 160]

<0.001

40 [10, 80]

40 [10, 80]

0.656

40 [10, 80]

40 [10, 80]

0.801

40 [10, 80]

80 [40, 160]

<0.001

Baseline (pre-vaccine) A/MI/H1N1 titer

5 [5, 10]

5 [5, 10]

7.50 [5, 20]

<0.001

5 [5, 10]

5 [5, 10]

0.145

5 [5, 10]

5 [5, 10]

0.35

5 [5, 10]

5 [5, 20]

0.080

Baseline (pre-vaccine) B-split titer

40 [40, 80]

40 [40, 80]

80 [40, 80]

0.020

60 [40, 80]

40 [40, 80]

0.523

40 [40, 80]

40 [40, 80]

0.323

40 [40, 80]

80 [40, 80]

0.436

  1. Continuous variables are reported as Median [IQR] while categorical variables are reported as Counts (%). Seroconversion is defined by at least a four-fold rise and antibody titer of at least 40.
  2. aOthers group comprised one Eurasian participant who was ethnically closest to the Indian subgroup.
  3. bWaist/Hip/BMI—
  4. Any one of the conditions below fulfilled: (Yes, No).
  5.  • Waist circumference >90 cm for men.
  6.  • Waist circumference >80 cm for women.
  7.  • Waist: hip ratio >0.90 for men.
  8.  • Waist: hip ratio >0.85 for women.
  9.  • BMI > 27.5 kg/m2 for both men and women.
  10. cSH (southern hemisphere) vaccine and NH (northern hemisphere) vaccine.
  11. dPhysical activity assessed by Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity—RAPA questionnaire (Aerobic):
  12.  • Rare (or sedentary)—rare or never do physical activity.
  13.  • Light—light or moderate physical activity, but not every week, or do some light activity every week.
  14.  • Intermediate—moderate physical activity every week <30 min/day, 5 days/week, OR vigorous activities every week but less than 20 min a day, 3 days/week.
  15.  • Moderate—moderate physical activity ≥30 min/day, ≥5 days a week.
  16.  • Vigorous—vigorous physical activity ≥20 min/day ≥3 days a week.
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