Table 1 Combination of currently available heterologous vaccines.
From: Challenges and developments in universal vaccine design against SARS-CoV-2 variants
Vaccine type | Vaccines (prime plus boost) | Manufacturer | Efficacy against variants (compared with homologous boosting) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Adenovirus vectored vaccine plus mRNA vaccine | ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 plus BNT162b2 | AstraZeneca-Oxford/ Pfizer-BioNTech | Significantly higher nAb titers against Alpha, Beta and Gamma variants 17 days after booster shot | |
Ad26.COV2.S plus BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 | Johnson & Johnson-Janssen/ Pfizer-BioNTech/ Moderna | 2 times higher efficacy against symptomatic infection by Omicron 14 days to 1 month since last dose | ||
BNT162b2 plus Ad26.COV2.S | Pfizer-BioNTech/ Johnson & Johnson-Janssen | More durable humoral and cellular responses at least 16 weeks after boosting vaccination | ||
Inactivated vaccine plus adenovirus vectored vaccine | CoronaVac plus Ad5-nCoV | Sinovac/ CanSino | 6.8-fold higher levels of nAb titers against Delta variant 14 days after boosting | NCT0489245973 |
CoronaVac plus aerosolised Ad5-nCoV | 18.1–24 or 7.88 times higher nAb titers against Delta or Omicron variant as well as elicited IgA and resident memory B and T cells 28 days after booster dose | |||
Inactivated vaccine plus recombinant protein subunit vaccine | CoronaVac or BBIBP-CorV plus ZF2001 | Sinovac/ Sinopharm/ Zhifei Longcom | Induced at least 70-fold increase in neutralizing levels against Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta pseudoviruses 2 weeks after booster vaccination | |
Inactivated vaccine plus mRNA vaccine | CoronaVac plus BNT162b2 | Sinovac/ Pfizer-BioNTech | 6.3-fold increased nAb titers against Delta variant and 1.4-fold against Omicron 28 days after booster shot | |
CoronaVac or BBIBP plus AWcorna | Sinovac/ Sinopharm/ Walvax | Higher neutralization antibodies against Delta and Omicron variants (6.5-times and 4.4-times, respectively) 28 days after booster | NCT0484710277 |
