Fig. 2: In vitro stimulation of human whole blood with terpenoid oil emulsions results in differential cytokine activity. | npj Vaccines

Fig. 2: In vitro stimulation of human whole blood with terpenoid oil emulsions results in differential cytokine activity.

From: Semi-synthetic terpenoids with differential adjuvant properties as sustainable replacements for shark squalene in vaccine emulsions

Fig. 2: In vitro stimulation of human whole blood with terpenoid oil emulsions results in differential cytokine activity.

Heat map representation of log-transformed cytokine concentrations measured in supernatants of heparinized blood stimulated by incubation with different % v/v terpenoid emulsions or saline alone (represented as 0% v/v oil). The various terpenoid oils were evaluated in comparison to shark squalene emulsion (positive control) and long-chain triglyceride emulsion (negative control). a Cytokine profiles elicited by a first set of terpenoid oils. Values represent the mean from 12 donors (six male and six female). b Cytokine profiles elicited by a second set of terpenoid oils. Values represent the mean from 6 donors (three male and three female). c Cytokine profiles elicited by a third set of terpenoid oils. Values represent the mean from 12 donors (six male and six female).

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