Table 3 Incidence and determinants of local reactive symptoms after a first dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

Vaccine type

ChAdOx1

1.00

1.00

BNT162b2

1.78 (1.62–1.96)

1.95 (1.74–2.18)

MRNA-1273

0.16 (0.07–0.38)

N/A

Other

0.50 (0.31–0.81)

0.47 (0.27–0.82)

Timing

Before 12:00

1.00

12:00–14:00

1.23 (1.08–1.41)

1.23 (1.07–1.41)

14:00–17:00

1.09 (0.98–1.22)

1.05 (0.93–1.18)

After 17:00

1.03 (0.89–1.19)

1.00 (0.85–1.17)

Month of dose

Q1 (Jan–Mar)

5.07 (4.04–6.35)

1.11 (0.81–1.52)

Q2 (Apr–Jun)

1.00

1.00

Q3 (Jul–Sep)

N/A

N/A

Q4 (Oct–Dec)

6.90 (4.46–10.7)

0.89 (0.52–1.53)

Age, years

16–29.99

1.00

1.00

30–39.99

0.84 (0.55–1.29)

0.51 (0.21–1.28)

40–49.99

1.29 (0.87–1.91)

0.46 (0.20–1.09)

50–59.99

1.57 (1.08–2.29)

0.26 (0.11–0.60)

60–69.99

1.09 (0.75–1.58)

0.17 (0.07–0.38)

≥70.00

0.77 (0.53-1.13)

0.10 (0.04–0.23)

P for trend

0.62 (0.59–0.66)

Sex

Female

1.00

1.00

Male

0.50 (0.46–0.55)

0.48 (0.43–0.54)

Education

Primary/Secondary

0.82 (0.71–0.96)

0.78 (0.66–0.94)

Higher/Further

0.95 (0.83–1.09)

0.97 (0.82–1.34)

College

0.94 (0.85–1.04)

0.96 (0.85–1.08)

Post-graduate

1.00

1.00 (ref)

P for trend

0.94 (0.89–0.99)

Vigorous physical exercise, hr/wk

0

1.19 (1.06–1.32)

1.02 (0.89–1.17)

1–3

1.09 (0.97–1.21)

1.05 (0.92–1.19)

≥4

1.00

1.00

P for trend

0.99 (0.92–1.06)

Light physical exercise, hr/wk

0–4

1.16 (1.04–1.29)

1.05 (0.92–1.19)

5–9

1.07 (0.96–1.18)

1.07 (0.95–1.21)

≥10

1.00

1.00

P for trend

0.98 (0.91–1.04)

Dietary restrictions

None

1.00

Vegetarian

1.16 (0.95–1.43)

1.36 (1.05–1.76)

Vegan

0.70 (0.47–1.04)

0.64 (0.40–1.03)

Self-rated general health

Excellent

1.00

1.00

Very good

1.21 (1.08–1.36)

1.19 (1.04–1.36)

Good

1.50 (1.32–1.70)

1.43 (1.23–1.68)

Fair

1.64 (1.40–1.93)

1.49 (1.21–1.83)

Poor

1.60 (1.23–2.09)

1.41(1.00–1.99)

P for trend

1.14 (1.08–1.21)

Body mass index, kg/m²

<25

1.00

1.00

25–30

1.04 (0.94–1.14)

0.95 (0.85–1.07)

>30

1.12 (1.00–1.27)

0.88 (0.76–1.02)

Pre-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 status

Seronegative

1.00

Seropositive asymptomatic

1.00 (0.87–1.15)

0.96 (0.81–1.12)

Seropositive symptomatic

1.74 (1.41–2.14)

1.84 (1.43–2.38)

P for trend

1.19 (1.08–1.32)

Self-rated anxiety or depression

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

1.23 (1.11–1.35)

1.17 (1.03–1.32)

Asthma

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

1.23 (1.10–1.38)

1.17 (0.97–1.41)

Atopic disease^a

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

1.27 (1.15–1.40)

1.15 (1.02–1.30)

Diabetic status

No diabetes

1.00

1.00

Pre-diabetes

1.03 (0.81–1.32)

0.88 (0.67–1.17)

Type 1 diabetes

1.84 (1.09–3.09)

1.02 (0.57–1.84)

Type 2 diabetes

0.99 (0.79–1.24)

0.94 (0.71–1.25)

Heart disease

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

1.23 (0.99–1.54)

0.78 (0.49–1.22)

Arterial disease

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

1.33 (1.10–1.62)

1.43 (0.90–2.28)

Major neurological condition

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

1.29 (1.00–1.68)

1.00 (0.66–1.51)

Immunodeficiency

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

2.03 (1.16–3.55)

1.80 (0.92-3.47)

Statins

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

1.18 (1.04–1.33)

1.09 (0.94–1.28)

Proton pump inhibitors

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

1.20 (1.06–1.35)

0.98 (0.84–1.14)

Inhaled corticosteroids

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

1.27 (1.07–1.51)

1.02 (0.79–1.32)

SSRIs

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

1.22 (1.03–1.46)

1.06 (0.86–1.32)

Thiazides

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

1.25 (0.98–1.59)

1.24 (0.94–1.63)

Inhaled bronchodilators

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

1.31 (1.14–1.52)

1.49 (0.63–3.50)

Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

0.57 (0.30–1.09)

0.48 (0.22–1.05)

Anti-platelet drugs

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

1.26 (1.06–1.50)

0.88 (0.54–1.44)

Beta-2 adrenergic agonists

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

1.31 (1.13–1.51)

0.66 (0.27–1.60)

Aspirin

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

1.29 (1.06-1.56)

1.22 (0.74–2.02)

BCG vaccinated

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

1.25 (1.09–1.43)

1.21 (1.04–1.41)

Multivitamin supplement

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

1.42 (1.28–1.58)

1.41 (1.26–1.58)

Vitamin D supplement

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

1.81 (0.97–3.38)

0.92 (0.83–1.02)