Fig. 7: Cytokine responses of mice inoculated with WT and DKO-parasites.

Cytokine analysis from total splenic cells (a), adherent splenocytes (b) harvested from WT and DKO-inoculated animals (at 2 weeks and 4 weeks post inoculation) stimulated with T. cruzi antigen. Panel c shows cytokine levels of sera of the same animals. Panel d shows the ratio of pro- (IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4 or IL-10) cytokines from total- and adherent-splenocytes and sera of inoculated animals. N = 4 for each analysis and the mean values and SD are shown for each. For panels a–c, Student’s t test was used and for panel d, Kruskal–Walis test was used. P values are: ns, no statistical difference; *<0.05 and **<0.01.