Fig. 8: Vaccine efficacy at 4-months, 9-months and 15-months, by route of administration.

Anti-B. burgdorferi OspC (a) and VlsE (b) antibody in serum, as well as B. burgdorferi flaB DNA amplified from tissues (c) and from culture of tissues (d) was compared between subcutaneous (s.c.) and intranasal (i.n.) routes of immunization with OspA. Statistics by Welch’s t test (a, b) and Mann Whitney (c, d) between s.c. and i.n. groups, *p < 0.05, ** p < 0.005, ****p < 0.0001. M, months.