Fig. 3: Quantification of post-infection plasma cytokine levels relative to vaccination status. | npj Vaccines

Fig. 3: Quantification of post-infection plasma cytokine levels relative to vaccination status.

From: SARS-CoV-2 vaccination may mitigate dysregulation of IL-1/IL-18 and gastrointestinal symptoms of the post-COVID-19 condition

Fig. 3: Quantification of post-infection plasma cytokine levels relative to vaccination status.

a, b Mean plasma levels of TNF, IL-1β and IL-6 with respect to vaccination status (a) or vaccination status and sex (b). Error bars indicate ± SEM. Group sizes: Individuals with ongoing PCC who were unvaccinated (n = 29, 24 females, 5 males), received one vaccination (n = 83, 58 females, 25 males) or two vaccinations (n = 43, 30 females, 13 males); Individuals who resolved PCC and were unvaccinated (n = 24, 17 females, 7 males), received one vaccination (n = 68, 40 females, 28 males) or two vaccinations (n = 32, 18 females, 14 males); Individuals who never reported PCC and were unvaccinated (n = 24, 12 females, 12 males), received one vaccination (n = 78; 36 females, 42 males) or two vaccinations (n = 41; 21 females, 20 males); Individuals without COVID-19 who were unvaccinated (n = 14), received one vaccination (n = 6) or two vaccinations (n = 65). Statistics: Group comparisons were performed using ordinary one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc testing (Tukey’s multiple comparisons test). c Heatmap of indicated plasma cytokine levels in patients with ongoing PCC with or without vaccination. Concentrations were log-normalized before plotting.

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