Table 2 Workshop summary.

■ Preliminary NHP studies suggest that the combination of T and B cell responses can protect from SHIV challenge;

■ Broad neutralizing Ab precursors were elicited in phase 1 clinical trials (e.g. IAVI 001^a, HVTN 137^b, HVTN 301, HVTN 302; Table 1);

■ Several bnAb precursor-eliciting immunogens are being investigated (see Table 1);

■ Platforms to elicit cellular responses, such as CMV-vectored HIV Ags, are in early stage clinical trials (e.g. VIR 1388; Table 1)

■ Antibody and cellular responses can extend the time to rebound after ATI in people with HIV.

■ Improve strategies for concurrent generation of bnAbs and T cell responses;

■ Continue the investigation of T cell vaccine strategies such as CMV-based vaccines and networked epitopes;

■ Develop new and improve existing vaccine vectors;

■ Expand understanding of the immune milieu and molecular signatures in long-term controllers;

■ Identification of protective T cell responses/mechanisms, including tissue-resident T cell responses from cure approaches, therapeutic vaccinations, long-term controllers, and/or post-treatment controllers;

■ Define/establish new reagents and assays to interrogate cellular responses;

■ Identify functional CD8⁺ T cell parameters that reliably correlate with vaccine efficacy