Fig. 4: Histopathology analysis of Ad-N1 and Ad-N2 immunized mice following SARS-CoV-2 challenge. | npj Vaccines

Fig. 4: Histopathology analysis of Ad-N1 and Ad-N2 immunized mice following SARS-CoV-2 challenge.

From: Combined immunization with SARS-CoV-2 spike and SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protects K18-hACE2 mice but increases lung pathology

Fig. 4

Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed on paraffin-embedded lung tissues of mice in each group on specified days post-challenge. a Mean total pathology score for individual groups. The combined scores of six parameters for lung pathology are presented. b Mean inflammatory scores for each of six lung pathology parameters for individual groups. c Heatmap showing inflammatory levels in immunized mice post-challenge. d Immunohistochemistry staining for T cells, B cells, neutrophils and macrophages in lungs of immunized mice at 7 days post-challenge. Images are shown at low (2x) and high (20x) magnification. The box in the low-magnification image represents the area shown in the high-magnification image. e Percentage of positive T cells, B cells, neutrophils and macrophages in total scanned lung tissues. Error bars represent SEM, each dot represents an individual mouse. Statistical analysis was conducted using two-way ANOVA (a) or one-way ANOVA (e) with Tukey’s Multiple Comparisons. Significance levels are indicated as follows: ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. For clarity, comparisons that were not significant are not shown.

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