Fig. 3: Fluaxe vaccination elicited significant cellular immunity.

Lungs, spleens, and BALFs of vaccinated mice were harvested and homogenized on Day 28 post-immunization. A CD3⁺ T cell ratio and B CD8⁺/CD4⁺ within CD3⁺ population were determined, respectively. Lymphocytes were stimulated with a peptide cocktail containing cH5/1-BV, cH7/3, and M2 peptide pools. CD4⁺ or CD8⁺ cells from C splenocytes or D lungs were stained for intracellular IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α followed by FACS analysis. Percentages of cytokines⁺ cells within CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T cell populations were shown. E Ratios of CD8⁺ /CD4⁺ T cells within the CD3⁺cytokines⁺ population were exhibited. The red dotted line represents a ratio of 1. Each dot or square in the bar graphs represents one individual (n = 5). Error bars indicate SEM. p values were determined using multiple t-tests with correction for multiple comparisons by the Holm-Šídák’s method (n.s. not significant; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).