Fig. 2: Differential cytokine profiles secreted by CD14+ monocytes in response to in vitro specific (SPZ) or nonspecific (LPS) stimulation.
From: IFN-γ and IL-4 correlate with protection induced by an attenuated malaria vaccine
a Radar graph representing the normalized z-score of cytokines secreted by monocytes in response to SPZ stimulation before immunization (pre-immune), after immunization (post-immune) and after CHMI (post-CHMI) (n = 12). b Boxplot representing the concentrations of IFN-ƴ (pg/ml) in response to SPZ stimulation or left unstimulated (CTRL) at the three time points. c Heatmaps visualizing the normalized concentration of cytokines (z-score) in response to SPZ stimulation and stratified by protection status (Protected (P) = turquoise, Non-Protected (NP) = magenta). The color scale indicates the z-score of the mean concentration of P or NP subjects with red color for values above the mean, blue below the mean. (d) Boxplot representing the concentration of IL-12p70 (pg/ml) in response to SPZ stimulation at the three time points and stratified by protection status. e Radar graph representing the normalized z-score of cytokines secreted by monocytes in response to LPS stimulation at the three time points (n = 12). f Boxplot representing the concentrations of TNF-α (pg/ml) in response to LPS stimulation or left unstimulated (CTRL) at the three time points. g Heatmaps visualizing the normalized concentration of cytokines (z-score) in response to LPS stimulation and stratified by protection status. The color scale indicates the z-score of the mean concentration of P or NP subjects with red color for values above the mean, blue below the mean. h Boxplot representing the concentration of IL-12p70 (pg/ml) in response to LPS stimulation at the three time points and stratified by protection status. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences: *p < 0.05.
