Fig. 4: Evaluation of humoral and cellular immune responses in vaccinated mice.

A Assessment of antibody responses by measuring antigen-specific IgG levels in serum via ELISA. B Analysis of cell-mediated immune responses using intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) to quantify cytokine-producing T cells and ELISA for determining cytokine secretion profiles from stimulated splenocytes. Data represent mean ± SEM from 5 independent experiments.