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Bivalent RSV prefusion F vaccination elicits effective neutralization of contemporary and monoclonal antibody-resistant RSV strains
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  • Published: 14 March 2026

Bivalent RSV prefusion F vaccination elicits effective neutralization of contemporary and monoclonal antibody-resistant RSV strains

  • Wei Chen1,
  • Lyndsey T. Martinez1,
  • Larissa Falcao1,
  • Zhenghui Li1,
  • Andrew P. McKeen2,
  • Chaitanya Kurhade1,
  • Hélène Boigard1,
  • Vidia Roopchand1,
  • Imani Richardson1,
  • Trisha Dasgupta1 nAff3,
  • Katrina E. Llamera1,
  • Jing Colatat1,
  • Linda Goding Brock1,
  • Annaliesa S. Anderson1 &
  • …
  • Kena A. Swanson1 

npj Vaccines , Article number:  (2026) Cite this article

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Subjects

  • Diseases
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Abstract

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading global cause of serious respiratory disease in infants and an important respiratory pathogen in older adults. The RSV prefusion F protein (preF) is a major target of neutralizing antibodies shown to protect against RSV disease. The bivalent preF protein subunit vaccine (RSVpreF; Abrysvo®) contains stabilized preF antigens representing the two major RSV subgroups, RSV A and RSV B. Here, we characterized the neutralizing activity of adult RSVpreF immune sera against a panel of 65 contemporary, globally circulating RSV A and RSV B clinical isolates, containing various amino acid substitutions across the five major antigenic sites of RSV F (Ø, I, II, III, V). Monoclonal Ab-resistant mutant strains (MARMs) displaying in vitro resistance to nirsevimab, clesrovimab, and palivizumab (up to 300,000-fold resistance over the parental strain) were also evaluated. RSVpreF immune sera effectively neutralized both the panel of global clinical isolates and all MARMs tested. These findings demonstrate that the bivalent RSVpreF polyclonal response maintains robust neutralizing activity against circulating RSV A and B strains, including those that escape RSV F mAbs, and provides broad protective immunity against RSV.

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Data availability

Primary nucleotide sequence data for the RSV A and RSV B clinical isolates analyzed in this study have been deposited to the NCBI SRA database under BioProject Accession PRJNA1308556. Materials or cell line requests should be submitted to the corresponding author and may be subject to approval by Pfizer or the vendor who generated the material/cells on behalf of Pfizer. All other data needed to evaluate the conclusions in the paper are present in the paper and/or the Supplementary Materials.

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Acknowledgements

The study was funded by Pfizer Inc. The authors would like to thank the following current and former Pfizer colleagues: Marcus Bolton, Jennifer Rutkowski, Brittney Cumbia, Minah Ramos, Aaron Yam, Sonia Mensah & Kate Moffat, for virus propagation, MARM generation and neutralization assays; Vaccines Cell Culture team for providing cells; Lubomira Andrew for the NGS support; and the Vaccines Antibody and Early BioProcess Development teams for generating nirsevimab and clesrovimab. The authors would also like to thank Summer Gamal Elsayed, Erik Larson, and Daniel Heindel for preparing samples, performing assays, and analyzing and verifying data to support the nirsevimab assessment in the RSV clinical neutralization assays. The authors would also like to acknowledge Kate Luisi for helpful review and the contributions of our collaborators who provided clinical isolates: we thank Dr. Federico Martinón-Torres at the Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Dr. Shabir A. Madhi at the University of the Witwatersrand, Dr. John DeVincenzo at the University of Tennessee, Dr. Anna Maria Contreras at the Catholic University of Chile, and Dr. Louis Bont at ReSViNET. Additionally, the authors thank Christina D’Arco for providing scientific writing and graphical support in accordance with GPP guidelines.

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  1. Trisha Dasgupta

    Present address: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vaccines, Pfizer Inc, Pearl River, NY, USA

    Wei Chen, Lyndsey T. Martinez, Larissa Falcao, Zhenghui Li, Chaitanya Kurhade, Hélène Boigard, Vidia Roopchand, Imani Richardson, Trisha Dasgupta, Katrina E. Llamera, Jing Colatat, Linda Goding Brock, Annaliesa S. Anderson & Kena A. Swanson

  2. Data Sciences and Analytics, Pfizer Inc, Pearl River, NY, USA

    Andrew P. McKeen

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Contributions

W.C. contributed to writing of the original draft, data interpretation, investigation, and overall supervision and conceptualization of the work. L.T.M., L.F., and Z.L. contributed to the writing of the original draft, as well as investigation, visualization, data interpretation and analysis related to clinical isolates and MARMs. C.K., H.B., T.D. contributed to the methodology for MARM generation. V.R. and I.R. contributed to the methodology for isolate propagation. K.E.L. and J.C. contributed to NGS data interpretation and analysis. L.G.B. designed and lead the nirsevimab evaluation in the RSV clinical neutralization assay. A.P.M. contributed to statistical analysis. K.A.S. contributed to the writing of the original draft, data interpretation, investigation, and overall supervision and conceptualization of the work. A.S.A. contributed to overall supervision of the work. All authors contributed to review and development of the manuscript and have read and agreed to the published version.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kena A. Swanson.

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Competing interests

All authors are current or former employees of Pfizer Inc. and may be shareholders and/or hold stock options. Pfizer participated in the design, analysis and interpretation of the data as well as the writing of this report and the decision to publish. K.A.S. is an inventor on patents related to the RSVpreF vaccine. K.A.S., A.S.A., and W.C. are inventors on patents related to nucleic acid methodology or formulations for vaccines against RSV and/or other respiratory viruses.

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Chen, W., Martinez, L.T., Falcao, L. et al. Bivalent RSV prefusion F vaccination elicits effective neutralization of contemporary and monoclonal antibody-resistant RSV strains. npj Vaccines (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-026-01418-8

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  • Received: 26 September 2025

  • Accepted: 24 February 2026

  • Published: 14 March 2026

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-026-01418-8

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