Fig. 6
Comparison of permeability and salt rejection of commercial RO membranes and nanostructured membranes operating in seawater/high-salinity conditions and brackish/low-salinity conditions.29,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68 TFN thin-film nanocomposite, CNT carbon nanotube, MFI zeolites, SWRO seawater reverse osmosis, BWRO brackish reverse osmosis, HFRO high-flux water reverse osmosis, NF nanofiltration. Results for GOF,36 nG nanoporous graphene,21 and Gy graphyne49 are also included in the graph. Graphene-based RO desalination membranes have the potentials to deliver nearly complete salt rejection with permeability of ~10-9 m Pa− 1 s− 1; however, this is only part of the story. Data of ref. 54 are also presented in ref. 70
