Table 2 Membrane-assisted technologies employed for the polishing of anaerobic effluents
From: Membrane-based technologies for post-treatment of anaerobic effluents
Ref. | Anaerobic effluent source | Membrane process | Treated species and inlet concentration | Reported efficiency (%) | Operating conditions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tam et al.59 | MBR | RO | COD 17.5 mg L−1 | 88.6 | Pilot-scale study |
Total nitrogen 3.7 mg L−1 | 91 | RO flow rate 19 | |||
Total dissolved solid 337 mg L−1 | 87.5 | m3 day−1 | |||
Apparent color 37 Hazen unit | 97 | MBR flow rate | |||
Conductivity 0.57 mS cm−1 | 95.3 | 40 m3 day−1 | |||
E. coli 3.4 CFU per 100 mL | 100 | Pressure not | |||
Viruses 1.2 PFU per 100 mL | 100 | reported | |||
Estrogens 38.2 (μg L−1) | 88 | ||||
Andrade et al.60 | MBR | NF | TOC 24.9 mg L−1 | 97.4 | Feed flow rate |
Total solid 1.482 mg L−1 | 64.8 | 5.6 L min−1 | |||
Color 36.8 Hazen unit | 82.7 | Pressure not reported | |||
Conductivity 2.28 mS cm−1 | 89.3 | ||||
Jacob et al.61 | MBR | RO | TOC 7 mg L−1 | 96 | Batch operation, size 500 mL |
Conductivity 0.76 mS cm−1 | 97.5 | Inlet pressure 8 bar | |||
NF | TOC 7 mg L−1 | 93.5 | |||
Conductivity 0.7 mS cm−1 | 93 | ||||
Grundestam and Hellstrom62 | MBR | RO | TOC 17 mg L−1 | 88 | Batch operation, size 1 m3 |
Kjeldahl-nitrogen 67 mg L−1 | 90.6 | Pressure 40 bar | |||
Total P 10 | 99.6 | ||||
Al-Malack and Anderson63 | EGSB | MF | COD 120 mg L−1 | 87.5 | Permeate flow rate 0.27 L min−1 |
SS 35 mg L−1 | 91.4 | ||||
PO4 2 mg L−1 | 86.5 | Pressure not reported | |||
E. coli 1.9 × 103 CFU mL−1 | 99.8 | ||||
Streptococci 1 × 103 CFU mL−1 | 99.7 | ||||
Fernández et al.64 | EGSB | UF | COD 1978 mg L−1 | 70–75 | Pressure 1.3 bar |
Permeate flow rate 4.9 L min−1 | |||||
Debik et al.65 | SGBR | UF | COD 630 mg L−1 | 41 | Pressure 3 bar |
Color 400 Hazen unit | 37.5 | ||||
Conduct 9.87 mS cm−1 | 16 | ||||
NF | COD 630 mg L−1 | 85 | Pressure 10 bar | ||
Color 400 Hazen unit | 87.3 | ||||
Conduct 9.87 mS cm−1 | 45.8 | ||||
Duan et al.66 | ASBR | UF | COD 96.5 ppm | 38 | Constant flux at |
Turbidity 16 NTU | 94.4 | 30 L m−2 h−1 | |||
Conductivity 1260 mS cm−1 | 91.2 | Pressure between | |||
VSS 16.2 ppm | 99 | 1.1 to 1.2 bar | |||
TSS 86 ppm | 95.3 | ||||
NF | COD 96.5 ppm | 97 | Constant pressure at 12.4 bar | ||
Turbidity 16 NTU | 99 | ||||
Conductivity 1260 mS cm−1 | 89.8 | ||||
VSS 16.2 ppm | 99 | ||||
TSS 86 ppm | 99 |
