Fig. 1

a THC-COOH adsorption isotherms for AC. The lines show the Freundlich model fits to the data, b Freundlich adsorption affinity (\(K_F=q_{\rm{e}} C_{\rm{e}}^n\)) of AC for THC-COOH. KFm, as Ce and qe expressed in units of mg L−1 and mg g−1 and KFµ, as Ce and qe expressed in units of µg L−1 and mg g−1. Error bars indicate 95% level of confidence of the Freundlich K parameters. c Equilibrium adsorption capacity of AC for THC-COOH (C0 = 1000 ng/L). Error bars indicate ±1 std. dev. of analytical triplicates of experimental duplicates. d Comparison of THC and THC-COOH adsorption capacity (qe) at Ce = 100 µg L−1.