Fig. 1: Distribution of the industrial enterprises in Jiangsu Province with excess pollution discharge (tons/yr).

a Excess COD and b excess NH3-N. The dots in the figure show the locations of the enterprises with excess pollution discharge while the colours represent the amount of territorial-based excess industrial pollution. Three basins, where enterprises with excess pollution discharge are densely distributed, are partially enlarged, including the Yangtze River Basin, Hongze Lake Basin, and Taihu Basin. Ten hotspot water function zones, which cover most enterprises with excess pollution, are marked. The blue lines represent the main rivers.