Fig. 2: FT-IR, pore size, and surface morphology of different composite membranes and EDS characterization of PVDF/PVA/LPB/MOF membranes.

FTIR spectra of a UiO-66-NH2, PVDF/PVA/LPB/MOF and b PVDF/PVA/LPB /MOF, PVDF/PVA/LPB and PVDF membranes. c The average pore size of different membranes (s.d.). The FE-SEM images of d PVDF, e PVDF/PVA, f PVDF/PVA/LPB and g PVDF/PVA/LPB/MOF membranes (scale bar: 2 μm). EDS elemental mapping of PVDF/PVA /LPB/MOF membranes h Carbon, i Nitrogen, j Oxygen, k Zirconium and l Fluorine (scale bar: 2 μm).