Fig. 2: Easily accessible natural fibers offer an efficient substrate for functionalization with Moringa oleifera seed proteins.
From: Effective pathogen removal in sustainable natural fiber Moringa filters
a A simple schematic of the proposed natural fiber filters functionalized with MO proteins in this study. The picture of Moringa tree by Prof. Chen Hualin is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 b Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of cotton, silk, and flax fibers show the presence of C-H, O-H, C-O peaks in cotton and flax representative of cellulose50. Silk fibers show the presence of Amide-I (C=O bond stretching) and Amide-II (N-H bending and C-N stretching) peaks indicative of silk fibroin51. c Scanning electron microscopy images of cotton, silk, and flax fibers show typical fiber diameters (10–20 µm) and morphologies of the natural fibers.
