Fig. 3: SFDM formation and fouling mitigation indicators. | npj Clean Water

Fig. 3: SFDM formation and fouling mitigation indicators.

From: Advanced wastewater treatment and membrane fouling control by electro-encapsulated self-forming dynamic membrane bioreactor

Fig. 3: SFDM formation and fouling mitigation indicators.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Time profiles of effluent turbidity (panel a) and TMP (panel b) from the ESFDMBR and e-ESFDMBR as indicators of the rapid formation of the encapsulated SFDM in e-ESFDMBR. Fouling precursor tri-weekly (three times a week) average concentrations and fouling rates (panel c, d, see additionally Supplementary Table 2). Error bars in panel c show the standard deviations.

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