Fig. 3: Morphological analysis of membranes.

FE-SEM images of the PS/PET support (a–c) and HCPA-TFC-NF@M2 (d–f) membranes at three different magnifications, h–j cross-sectional images of HCPA-TFC-NF@M2 at different magnifications.

FE-SEM images of the PS/PET support (a–c) and HCPA-TFC-NF@M2 (d–f) membranes at three different magnifications, h–j cross-sectional images of HCPA-TFC-NF@M2 at different magnifications.