Fig. 4: Floc settling velocity versus flocculent dosage for different polymer flocculants in softening with ballasted flocculation (SBF) of artificial seawater (n = 3, means ± standard deviations).

Six types of anionic polymers (AP199, AP335B, AP825B, AP335PWS, AP120PWS, and AP410PWS) and one nonionic polymer (NP800PWS) were tested.