Fig. 4: Atomic-force-microscopy topographic images of the membranes.

Two-dimensional and three-dimensional images of the membranes (a, b) p-CM, (c, d) N-CM, (e, f) CLGO-N-CM, and (g, h) R18-CLGO-N-CM.

Two-dimensional and three-dimensional images of the membranes (a, b) p-CM, (c, d) N-CM, (e, f) CLGO-N-CM, and (g, h) R18-CLGO-N-CM.