Fig. 3: Controlled experiment.

Effect of a BiVO4 concentration, b light irradiation range, c Na2SO2 concentration, and d pH on the degradation of SMX. Experimental conditions: [SMX] = 4 μM, [Na2SO3] = 0.50 mM, [BiVO4] = 1.0 g L−1, initial pH = 7.0, λ ≥ 420 nm, and T = 25 °C. The center of the data point is the mean of the two sets of data, and error bars represent the standard deviation of the two sets of data.