Table 1 Sorption coefficient and biological reaction rate constant of MPs in aerobic and anoxic processes estimated through the dynamic modeling approach.
Category | Micropollutant | Kd, aerobic (L gMLSS−1) | kbio, aerobic (L g−1 h−1) | NSEaerobic | Kd, anoxic (L gMLSS−1) | kbio, anoxic (L g−1 h−1) | NSEanoxic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antidiabetic | Metformin | 0.008 ± 0.012 | 0.122 ± 0.047 | 0.949 | 0.064 ± 0.009 | 0.086 ± 0.003 | 0.952 |
β-blocker | Atenolol | 0.019 ± 0.002 | 0.038 ± 0.007 | 0.895 | 0.033 ± 0.047 | 0.077 ± 0.002 | 0.940 |
Metoprolol | 0.007 ± 0.011 | 0.004 ± 0.001 | 0.118 | 0.015 ± 0.004 | 0.007 ± 0.000 | 0.647 | |
Propranolol | 0.05 ± 0.024 | 0.000 ± 0.002 | −0.041 | 0.024 ± 0.014 | 0.013 ± 0.001 | 0.276 | |
H2-receptor blocker | Cimetidine | 0.018 ± 0.007 | 0.024 ± 0.003 | 0.901 | 0.012 ± 0.003 | 0.005 ± 0.000 | 0.501 |
Ranitidine | 0.178 ± 0.001 | 0.087 ± 0.003 | 0.773 | 0.126 ± 0.029 | 0.019 ± 0.001 | 0.932 | |
Antibiotic | Lincomycin | 0.015 ± 0.001 | 0.004 ± 0.000 | 0.553 | 0.019 ± 0.016 | 0.002 ± 0.000 | 0.614 |
Sulfathiazole | 0.038 ± 0.006 | 0.008 ± 0.003 | 0.929 | 0.060 ± 0.031 | 0.003 ± 0.001 | 0.817 | |
Sulfamethazine | 0.012 ± 0.009 | 0.006 ± 0.002 | 0.834 | 0.023 ± 0.002 | 0.002 ± 0.001 | 0.677 | |
Sulfamethoxazole | 0.034 ± 0.005 | 0.007 ± 0.002 | 0.936 | 0.044 ± 0.007 | 0.001 ± 0.000 | 0.403 | |
Trimethoprim | 0.064 ± 0.006 | 0.004 ± 0.001 | −0.662 | 0.088 ± 0.023 | 0.045 ± 0.001 | 0.944 | |
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug | Acetaminophen | 0.036 ± 0.012 | 0.165 ± 0.001 | 0.945 | 0.018 ± 0.001 | 0.048 ± 0.001 | 0.913 |
Diclofenac | 0.303 ± 0.026 | 0.039 ± 0.008 | 0.603 | 0.300 ± 0.139 | 0.009 ± 0.002 | 0.619 | |
Ibuprofen | 0.052 ± 0.002 | 0.276 ± 0.033 | 0.853 | 0.022 ± 0.014 | 0.008 ± 0.001 | 0.591 | |
Naproxen | 0.023 ± 0.007 | 0.103 ± 0.034 | 0.760 | 0.050 ± 0.004 | 0.006 ± 0.001 | 0.655 | |
Anticonvulsant | Carbamazepine | 0.046 ± 0.004 | 0.000 ± 0.001 | −0.264 | 0.032 ± 0.001 | 0.002 ± 0.001 | 0.717 |
Anti-dyslipidemia agent | Atorvastatin | 0.187 ± 0.071 | 0.142 ± 0.020 | 0.225 | 0.128 ± 0.417 | 0.018 ± 0.004 | 0.575 |
Clofibric acid | 0.010 ± 0.012 | 0.002 ± 0.001 | 0.670 | 0.000 ± 0.003 | 0.003 ± 0.001 | −1.657 | |
Gemfibrozil | 0.065 ± 0.007 | 0.056 ± 0.016 | 0.883 | 0.040 ± 0.025 | 0.003 ± 0.002 | 0.568 | |
X-ray contrast agent | Iopromide | 0.051 ± 0.017 | 0.048 ± 0.005 | 0.953 | 0.027 ± 0.012 | 0.025 ± 0.002 | 0.431 |
Corrosion inhibitor | 1-H-benzotriazole | 0.010 ± 0.021 | 0.019 ± 0.001 | 0.839 | 0.004 ± 0.004 | 0.005 ± 0.001 | 0.503 |
4-methyl-1H-benzotriazole | 0.034 ± 0.002 | 0.005 ± 0.000 | 0.759 | 0.041 ± 0.001 | 0.002 ± 0.001 | 0.627 | |
Others | Caffeine | 0.046 ± 0.015 | 0.165 ± 0.060 | 0.992 | 0.032 ± 0.005 | 0.003 ± 0.001 | 0.727 |
Preservative | Methyl paraben | 0.279 ± 0.001 | 0.132 ± 0.008 | 0.847 | 0.187 ± 0.369 | 0.140 ± 0.037 | 0.923 |
Ethyl paraben | 0.155 ± 0.040 | 1.868 ± 0.064 | 0.762 | 0.208 ± 0.267 | 1.549 ± 0.043 | 0.957 | |
Propyl paraben | 0.210 ± 0.044 | 1.592 ± 0.367 | 0.831 | 0.197 ± 0.228 | 1.195 ± 0.244 | 0.916 | |
Butyl paraben | 0.439 ± 0.131 | 2.295 ± 0.109 | 0.811 | 0.266 ± 0.100 | 1.850 ± 0.051 | 0.897 | |
Endocrine disruptor | Estriol | 0.349 ± 0.102 | 1.852 ± 0.409 | 0.888 | 0.505 ± 0.054 | 1.094 ± 0.422 | 0.925 |
Estrone | 0.226 ± 0.327 | 0.169 ± 0.041 | 0.798 | 0.070 ± 0.402 | 0.029 ± 0.008 | 0.614 | |
Pesticide | Atrazine | 0.004 ± 0.014 | 0.001 ± 0.000 | −0.569 | 0.007 ± 0.027 | 0.001 ± 0.000 | −0.951 |
Biocide | N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide | 0.009 ± 0.022 | 0.003 ± 0.001 | 0.789 | 0.026 ± 0.009 | 0.001 ± 0.000 | 0.164 |
Perfluorinated compound | Perfluoropentanoic acid | 0.004 ± 0.007 | 0.000 ± 0.001 | −1.259 | 0.020 ± 0.012 | 0.000 ± 0.001 | −0.192 |
Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid | 0.009 ± 0.015 | 0.004 ± 0.001 | −2.229 | 0.035 ± 0.121 | 0.002 ± 0.001 | −0.172 | |
Perfluorohexanoic acid | 0.001 ± 0.003 | 0.001 ± 0.001 | 0.615 | 0.005 ± 0.004 | 0.000 ± 0.001 | −0.583 | |
Perfluoroheptanoic acid | 0.000 ± 0.011 | 0.003 ± 0.002 | 0.575 | 0.039 ± 0.022 | 0.001 ± 0.001 | −0.403 | |
Nitrosamine | N-nitrosodimethylamine | 0.023 ± 0.080 | 0.001 ± 0.001 | −2.020 | 0.070 ± 0.096 | 0.001 ± 0.001 | −0.499 |
N-nitrosoethylmethylamine | 0.023 ± 0.077 | 0.001 ± 0.001 | −2.562 | 0.071 ± 0.100 | 0.001 ± 0.001 | −0.251 | |
N-nitrosodiethylamine | 0.023 ± 0.078 | 0.002 ± 0.001 | −2.330 | 0.053 ± 0.086 | 0.001 ± 0.001 | −0.275 | |
N-nitrodiphenylamine | 0.018 ± 0.062 | 0.006 ± 0.002 | −2.436 | 0.004 ± 0.029 | 0.000 ± 0.001 | −0.185 | |
N-nitrosopyrrolidine | 0.019 ± 0.095 | 0.002 ± 0.001 | −2.195 | 0.082 ± 0.111 | 0.006 ± 0.001 | −0.088 | |
N-nitrosomorpholine | 0.025 ± 0.079 | 0.001 ± 0.001 | −1.246 | 0.033 ± 0.069 | 0.001 ± 0.001 | −0.219 | |
N-nitrosodibutylamine | 0.016 ± 0.103 | 0.033 ± 0.002 | 0.743 | 0.014 ± 0.002 | 0.002 ± 0.002 | −0.066 |