Table 5 Summary of TEA of physical, thermochemical, and biological pathways
From: Life cycle and techno-economic assessment of bioresource production from wastewater
Source | Process | Plant capacity | Operating conditions | End-product(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
LF | 80 MT·day−1 | Dewatered via belt press to 80% MC and disposed in landfill without landfill gas capture. | Biosolids | |
LF_LFG | 80 MT·day−1 | Dewatered via belt press to 80% MC, and disposed in landfill, 80% CH4 emissions captured from landfill gas and combusted. | Biosolids, Electricity | |
TD-LF | 80 MT·day−1 | Dewatered via belt press to 80% MC, Thermal dried to 50% MC, disposed in landfill without landfill gas capture. | Biosolids | |
TD-LF_LFG | 80 MT·day−1 | Dewatered via belt press to 80% MC, Thermal dried to 50% MC, and disposed in landfill, 80% CH4 emissions captured from landfill gas and combusted for electricity generation. | Biosolids, Electricity | |
LA | 80 MT·day−1 | Dewatered via belt press to 80% MC, Land applied in agricultural setting. | Land applied biosolids | |
TD-LA | 80 MT·day−1 | Dewatered via belt press to 80% MC, Thermal dried to 50% MC, Land applied in agricultural setting. | Land applied biosolids | |
TD-INC-LF | 80 MT·day−1 | Dewatered via belt press to 80% MC, Thermal dried to 57.7% MC, incinerated at 800–900 °C, disposed in landfill. | Electricity, Ash | |
AD-CHP-LF | 80 MT·day−1 | Thicken to 97% MC, Mesophilic anaerobic digester with heat and electricity production from biogas, dewatered via belt press to 80% MC, disposed in landfill without landfill gas capture. | Electricity, Biosolids | |
AD-CHP-LF_LFG | 80 MT·day−1 | Thicken to 97% MC, Mesophilic anaerobic digester with heat and electricity production from biogas, Belt press to 80% MC, 80% CH4 emissions from landfill captured and combusted for electricity generation. | Electricity, Biosolids | |
AD-CHP-LA | 80 MT·day−1 | Thicken to 97% MC, Mesophilic anaerobic digester with heat and electricity production from biogas, Belt press to 80% MC, Land applied in agricultural setting. | Electricity, Land applied biosolids | |
AD-CHP-TD-LF | 80 MT·day−1 | Thicken to 97% MC, Mesophilic anaerobic digester with heat and electricity production from biogas, Belt press to 80% MC, Thermal dry to 41.3% MC. | Electricity, Biosolids | |
AD-CHP-TD-LF_LFG | 80 MT·day−1 | Thicken to 97% MC, Mesophilic anaerobic digester with heat and electricity production from biogas, Belt press to 80% MC, Thermal dry to 41.3% MC, 80% CH4 emissions from landfill captured and combusted for electricity generation. | Electricity, Biosolids | |
AD-CHP-TD-LA | 80 MT·day−1 | Thicken to 97% MC, Mesophilic anaerobic digester with heat and electricity production from biogas, Belt press to 80% MC, Land applied in agricultural setting. | Biogas, Land applied biosolids | |
AD-CHP-TD-INC-LF | 80 MT·day−1 | Thicken to 97% MC, Mesophilic anaerobic digester with heat and electricity production from biogas, Belt press to 80% MC, Incineration at 800–900 °C. | Biogas, Electricity, Ash | |
TH-AD-CHP-LF | 80 MT·day−1 | Belt press to 80% MC, Thermal hydrolysis, mesophilic, Mesophilic anaerobic digester with heat and electricity production from biogas, belt press to 80% | Biogas, Biosolids | |
TH-AD-CHP-LF_LFG | 80 MT·day−1 | Belt press to 80% MC, Thermal hydrolysis, mesophilic, Mesophilic anaerobic digester with heat and electricity production from biogas, belt press to 80%, 80% CH4 emissions from landfill captured and combusted for electricity generation. | Biogas, Biosolids | |
TH-AD-CHP-LA | 80 MT·day−1 | Belt press to 80% MC, Thermal hydrolysis, mesophilic, Mesophilic anaerobic digester with heat and electricity production from biogas, belt press to 80%, Land applied in agricultural setting. | Biogas, Land applied biosolids | |
TH-AD-CHP-TD-INC-LF | 80 MT·day−1 | Belt press to 80% MC, Thermal hydrolysis, mesophilic, Mesophilic anaerobic digester with heat and electricity production from biogas, belt press to 80%, Thermal dry to 41.3% MC, Incineration at 800–900 °C | Biogas, Electricity, Ash | |
HTL-CAS_BC | 99.8 MT·day−1 | Belt press to 80% MC, HTL (Residence time: 17 min, Pressure: 205 bar, Temp: 347 °C), aqueous coproducts returned to headworks. | Biocrude | |
HTL-CAS_FP | 99.8 MT·day−1 | Belt press to 80% MC, HTL (Residence time: 17 min, Pressure: 205 bar, Temp: 347 °C), aqueous coproducts returned to headworks. | Diesel, Naphtha, Gasoline | |
HTL-NH3-CAS_BC | 99.8 MT·day−1 | Belt press to 80% MC, HTL (Residence time: 17 min, Pressure: 205 bar, Temp: 347 °C), ammonia stripping, aqueous coproducts returned to headworks. | Biocrude | |
HTL-NH3-CAS_FP | 99.8 MT·day−1 | Belt press to 80% MC, HTL (Residence time: 17 min, Pressure: 205 bar, Temp: 347 °C), ammonia stripping, aqueous coproducts returned to headworks. | Diesel, Naphtha, Gasoline | |
SupCrit HTL-CAS_BHO | 20 MT·day−1 | Belt press to 80% MC, HTL (Pressure: 230 bar, Temp: 375 °C), aqueous coproducts returned to headworks. | Bioheavy Oil | |
SubCrit HTL-CAS_BHO | 20 MT·day−1 | Belt press to 80% MC, HTL (Pressure: 120 bar, Temp: 325 °C), aqueous coproducts returned to headworks. | Bioheavy Oil | |
HTL-AD-CHP_BC | 4.8 MT·day−1 | Belt press to 80% MC, HTL (Pressure: 200 bar, Temp: 350 °C), aqueous coproducts treated with mesophilic anaerobic digester with heat and electricity production from biogas | Biocrude | |
HTL-AD-Boiler_BC | 4.8 MT·day−1 | Belt press to 80% MC, HTL (Pressure: 200 bar, Temp: 350 °C), aqueous coproducts treated with mesophilic anaerobic digester with heat and production from biogas | Biocrude | |
HTL-CHG-CHP_BC | 4.8 MT·day−1 | Belt press to 80% MC, HTL (Pressure: 200 bar, Temp: 350 °C), CHG to produce gas combusted to produce heat and electricity. | Biocrude, Electricity | |
HTL-CHG-Boiler_BC | 4.8 MT·day−1 | Belt press to 80% MC, HTL (Pressure: 200 bar, Temp: 350 °C), CHG to produce gas combusted to produce heat. | Biocrude | |
TD-AirGs-CHP | 5 MT·day−1 | Dewatered via belt press to 80% MC, Thermal drying, Air-blown gasification (Pressure: atmospheric, Temp: 850 °C) syngas combusted to produce heat and electricity. | Electricity | |
TD-StmGs-CHP | 5 MT·day−1 | Dewatered via belt press to 80% MC, Thermal drying, steam gasification (Pressure: atmospheric, Temp: 850 °C) syngas combusted to produce heat and electricity. | Electricity | |
FD-Torr-CHP_BSF | 9 MT·day−1 | Dewatered via belt press to 80% MC, Fry-drying (Oil Temp: 370 °C), Torrefaction, biochar combusted to produce heat and electricity for operation. | Biochar, Electricity | |
FD-Torr_BSF | 9 MT·day−1 | Dewatered via belt press to 80% MC, Fry-drying (Oil Temp: 370 °C), Torrefaction | Biochar | |
TE-PBR-TD-MWPy | 265 MT·day−1 | FOG fractionated from influent, Transesterification to produce diesel, glycerol recycled to PBR to produce algae, algae and biosolids dried, microwave pyrolysis (Temp: 500 °C) | Biodiesel, Bio-oil, syngas, Phosphorus Fertilizer | |
TD-Py | 1.2 MT·day−1 | Dewatered via belt press to 80% MC, Thermal drying, pyrolysis (Pressure: atmospheric, Temp: 200–1000 °C) | Biochar, Biogas, Bio-oil | |
HTC-AD-CHP-LA | 20.6 MT·day−1 | Belt press to 80% MC, HTC (Pressure: 20 bar, Temp: 208 °C, Residence time: 1 h), aqueous coproducts treated with mesophilic anaerobic digester w/ heat and electricity production from biogas, digestate land applied in agricultural setting | Hydrochar, Biogas, Land-applied Biosolids |
