Fig. 3: Oil desorption capacities and efficiency without heat and with heat including Joule-heating and photothermal effect.

Oil desorption capacities of (a) motor oil 5W-40, (b) motor oil 10W-40, and (c) diesel oil, and oil desorption efficiencies of (d) motor oil 5W-40, (e) motor oil 10W-40, and (f) diesel oil (*Each error bar is defined as the standard deviation of the mean.).