Fig. 4: The mechanism of oil desorption and reuse, and generation of heat with Joule-heating effect.

Schematic of (a) the mechanism of oil desorption from the sorbent using the Joule-heating effect, (b) the surface construction of the PVDF mat, (c) the surface construction of the r-GONR oil sorbent, and (d) the mechanism of oil desorption from the sorbent using the photothermal effect.