Fig. 8: Mitigated environmental impacts due to motor oil and diesel recovery using the PVDF and r-GONR oil sorbents with and without Joule-heating and photothermal effect.

a Selected midpoint indicators for motor oil and diesel oil estimated based on ReCiPe Midpoint (H) life cycle impact assessment method, note: data for all the indicators is provided in the supplementary information, (b) Mitigated climate change in kg CO2-Eq., (c) Mitigated fossil depletion in kg Oil-Eq., (d) Mitigated freshwater ecotoxicity in kg 1,4-DC., (e) Mitigated marine ecotoxicity in kg 1,4-DC., and (f) Mitigated water depletion. Note: detailed results of 18 midpoint indicators are given in Tables S4 and S5 of supplementary information.