Table 1 Mean composition of the batch RO system’s feed (i.e., YDP concentrate), concentrate, and product water

From: Piloting batch reverse osmosis with a flexible bladder for water recovery from scaling-prone brine

 

Feed

Concentrate

Product

 

(All concentrations in mg/L)

Barium

0.050 ± 0.016

0.240 ± 0.016

0.0007 ± 0.0005

Boron

1.11 ± 0.16

3.22 ± 0.07

0.44 ± 0.0386

Calcium

316 ± 28

1685 ± 15

4.9 ± 1.8

Chloride

1543 ± 116

9100 ± 80

43 ± 11

Fluoride

<10.4

<26.0

1.8 ± 0.7

Iron

0.039 ± 0.025

1.347 ± 0.913

0.008 ± 0.017

Magnesium

152.0 ± 9.6

878.0 ± 10

2.6 ± 0.9

Nitrate (as N)

19.0 ± 0.5

79.1 ± 2.5

1.1 ± 0.2

Potassium

22.7 ± 1.2

118.5 ± 1.5

0.54 ± 0.16

Silicon dioxide

19.0 ± 2.5

106.5 ± 2.5

0.40 ± 0.09

Sodium

1714 ± 94

9180 ± 50

44 ± 11

Strontium

4.49 ± 0.40

24.3 ± 0.7

0.070 ± 0.027

Sulfate

2521 ± 109

14,900 ± 200

44 ± 14.5

Total dissolved solids

6366 ± 343

36,200 ± 200

150 ± 40

pH

5.8 ± 0.4

3.8 ± 0.1

5.9 ± 0.1

Number of samples

7a

2

21

  1. Feed and permeate concentrations are expressed with their standard deviations while concentrate is expressed with regard to min/max due to the low number of samples. Phosphate was below detection limits in all samples. Water compositions measured by the WQIC.
  2. aFeed samples taken weekly surrounding/during pilot.