Fig. 3: Influence of applied voltage on arsenic removal performance. | npj Clean Water

Fig. 3: Influence of applied voltage on arsenic removal performance.

From: Symmetric anion exchange membranes enhance arsenic removal and overcome conductivity limitations in FCDI systems

Fig. 3: Influence of applied voltage on arsenic removal performance.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a Arsenic removal efficiency over time at different applied voltages ranging from 0.8 V to 2.0 V. b The average salt removal rate (ASRR) and normalized energy consumption for salt removal (ENRS) were calculated for each applied voltage. The data illustrate the trade-off between removal efficiency and energy consumption. Data points represent the mean ± SD from n = 3 independent experiments.

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