Fig. 1: The sensitivity analysis results for TN and COD using different methods.

The first row a and b represent the relative sensitivity coefficients for the seven different parameters of TN and COD, respectively, using TSA. The second row c and d show the relative sensitivity coefficients for TN and COD, respectively, using OSA, with e representing the results of MO-OT and f representing the results of MO-TT. The sensitivity analysis compares the impact of different methods on parameter selection, providing insights for choosing the optimisation method.