Fig. 4: The r values between TLI and remote sensing variables derived from S2, GF-1, HJ-2, and PS datasets.

Panels (S2, GF-1, HJ-2, and PS) represent results from four satellite datasets. Color bars: Indicate the magnitude and direction of the correlation coefficient (r). Asterisks: Denote statistical significance: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (two-tailed tests).