Fig. 1: Simplified process scheme with counter-current principle owing to PAC recirculation. | npj Clean Water

Fig. 1: Simplified process scheme with counter-current principle owing to PAC recirculation.

From: Recirculation of powdered activated carbon improves the adsorption of organic micropollutants in membrane hybrid processes

Fig. 1: Simplified process scheme with counter-current principle owing to PAC recirculation.

a Simplified process scheme of the investigated CASP & PAC + UF membrane hybrid process with recirculation of partially loaded PAC to the CASP, and b simplified PAC counter-current principle. Including indication of relevant PAC contact volumes in their respective location within the treatment train: t1 refers to the hydraulic contact time within the connecting pipework between feed pump and membrane module; t2 is the average solid retention time in the filter cake layer of the membrane; t3 is the solid retention time of recirculated PAC in the CASP. A more detailed flowchart of the investigated process is shown in Fig. 6 of the Materials and Methods section.

Back to article page