Extended Data Fig. 7: Pulsar period and period derivative (\({{{\rm{P}}}}-\dot{{{{\rm{P}}}}}\)) diagram and the location of PSR B2111+46 in the death valley.

The death lines are given for the curvature radiation in a dipole field (upper one) and an extremely curved field (lower one) in the vacuum gap model (sold lines) and the space- charged-limited flow model (dashed lines) given in44. All pulsar data are taken from the ATNF pulsar Catalogue32 (version 1.70). The background gray dashed and dotted lines stand for constant surface magnetic field strengths and characteristic ages, respectively.