Extended Data Fig. 5: TEM analysis of modified breunnerite in Ryugu grain.

a. BF-TEM image of a modified surface of breunnerite (Breu) covered by a ferropericlase-rich layer (Per). The damaged region (D) of the breunnerite includes crystallographic distortion that shows distinct contrast compared to the substrate. b. Position averaged NBD pattern of ferropericlase (zone axis of [001]) obtained from the ferropericlase-rich layer. c. HAADF-STEM image of the breunnerite surface (Breu) corresponding to the elemental profile in (d). d. Depth profile of major elements detected near the breunnerite surface. The ferropericlase-rich layer (Per) is located between the dotted lines. Increase in carbon content at the top surface of the ferropericlase layer is derived from residual carbon compounds in the protective platinum coat. Sample ID is A0104-021004.