Extended Data Fig. 3: Mass histogram of the nominal simulation with applied Kepler bias. | Nature Astronomy

Extended Data Fig. 3: Mass histogram of the nominal simulation with applied Kepler bias.

From: A radius valley between migrated steam worlds and evaporated rocky cores

Extended Data Fig. 3: Mass histogram of the nominal simulation with applied Kepler bias.

Lines show different groups: all planets (gray), rocky planets (only iron core and silicate mantle, green), planets with water but no H/He (blue), and planets with H/He (orange). Dashed lines mark logarithmic mean values of each category and are labeled with mean and standard deviations. The distribution of core masses retrieved by Rogers and Owen18 (R&O21) in a pure photoevaporation scenario is shown for comparison.

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