Flagellated bacteria coated with antigen-adsorbing nanoparticles and injected into irradiated tumours elicit systemic antitumour immune responses by transporting tumour antigens towards the tumour periphery, where they are taken up by functional antigen-presenting cells.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Relevant articles
Open Access articles citing this article.
-
Engineering bacteria for enhanced tumor therapy: from surface modification to synthetic genetic circuits
Journal of Hematology & Oncology Open Access 12 December 2025
-
Tumor microbiome: roles in tumor initiation, progression, and therapy
Molecular Biomedicine Open Access 08 February 2025
Access options
Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals
Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription
$32.99 / 30 days
cancel any time
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 digital issues and online access to articles
$119.00 per year
only $9.92 per issue
Rent or buy this article
Prices vary by article type
from$1.95
to$39.95
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

References
Le, D. T., Dubensky, T. W. Jr & Brockstedt, D. G. Semin. Oncol. 39, 311–322 (2012).
Kantoff, P. W. et al. N. Engl. J. Med. 363, 411–422 (2010).
Sahin, U. et al. Nature 585, 107–112 (2020).
Weichselbaum, R. R., Liang, H., Deng, L. & Fu, Y.-X. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 14, 365–379 (2017).
Wang, W. et al. Nat. Biomed. Eng. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-021-00834-6 (2022).
Toso, J. F. et al. J. Clin. Oncol. 20, 142–152 (2002).
Hanahan, D. & Weinberg, R. A. Cell 144, 646–674 (2011).
Dunn, G. P., Bruce, A. T., Ikeda, H., Old, L. J. & Schreiber, R. D. Nat. Immunol. 3, 991–998 (2002).
Vinay, D. S. et al. Semin. Cancer Biol. 35 (Suppl.), S185–S198 (2015).
Mellman, I. & Steinman, R. M. Cell 106, 255–258 (2001).
Napolitani, G., Rinaldi, A., Bertoni, F., Sallusto, F. & Lanzavecchia, A. Nat. Immunol. 6, 769–776 (2005).
Sato, S. et al. J. Immunol. 15, 7096–7101 (2000).
Sahin, U. & Türeci, Ö. Science 359, 1355–1360 (2018).
Iwai, Y. et al. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99, 12293–12297 (2002).
Lin, R., Yu, W., Chen, X. & Gao, H. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 10, e2001212 (2021).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Redenti, A., Hahn, J. & Danino, T. Bacterial couriers as cancer vaccines. Nat Biomed Eng 6, 3–5 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-021-00839-1
Published:
Version of record:
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-021-00839-1
This article is cited by
-
Engineering bacteria for enhanced tumor therapy: from surface modification to synthetic genetic circuits
Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2025)
-
Tumor microbiome: roles in tumor initiation, progression, and therapy
Molecular Biomedicine (2025)