Extended Data Fig. 1: Tissue chip configurability and modularity.

a, Photograph of the assembled chip. b, Top view of the tissue chip including each compartment chamber and reservoir for circulating media. c, Bottom view of the chip. d, Configurability of the tissue chip can be established through connecting reactors in series for scaling of engineered organs. e, Alternative chip design for single-organ culture with perfusion and vascular barrier. f, Alternative chip design for dual-organ culture with perfusion and vascular barrier. g, Tissue chip with tubing attached to a peristaltic pump during integrated culture. h, Computational fluidic model of shear stress during perfusion with the vascular barrier, at a flow rate of 1.3 mL min⁻¹ to yield a shear stress of 1.88 dyn cm⁻² at the vascular barrier interface.