Fig. 1: Increasing the ease-of-use and deployability of SHINE.

a, RNase activity in nasal fluid mixed with UTM untreated or treated with FastAmp lysis reagent supplemented with RNase inhibitor (inh.) or treated with HUDSON (a heat- and chemical-treatment). Activity measured using RNaseAlert at r.t. for 30 min. b, SARS-CoV-2 seedstock titre without treatment or after being incubated with lysis reagent (+5% RNase inh.) at r.t. for 5 min, 20 min or 20 min+10 min at 65 °C. ***, infection not detected; PFU, plaque forming units. c, SHINE fluorescence with different proportions of blank inactivated sample input (that is, FastAmp lysis reagent, RNase inh. and UTM) after a 90 min incubation. Base*, baseline (that is, no inactivated sample added). d, Schematic of the advantages of lyophilising SHINE. e, SHINE fluorescence on synthetic RNA target (10⁴ cp μl⁻¹) before and after lyophilisation using different buffers. Fluorescence measured after 90 min. For buffer composition, see Methods. f, SHINE fluorescence after a 90 min incubation using lyophilised (LYO) reagents stored at r.t., 4 °C or −20 °C over time. Target concentration: 10⁴ cp μl⁻¹. g, Fluorescence kinetics for SHINEv.1 and SHINEv.2 using synthetic RNA targets; NTC, no target control. h, Lateral-flow detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in lysis buffer-treated viral seedstocks using SHINEv.2 after a 90 min incubation. C, control band; T, test band. i, Determination of analytical limit of detection with 20 replicates of SHINEv.2 at different concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from lysis reagent-treated contrived samples incubated for 90 min. Mean ± s.d. for 3 technical replicates for a, e and g; 2 technical replicates for b; 3 biological replicates with 3 technical replicates each for f. In c, heatmap values are the means of 3 technical replicates.